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必须敬仰一下亚当斯密。

现在还有多少政府认同他的理念呢?经济自由主义的倡导者。他期望在自律的个人自由基础上建立起一种自发调节的社会经济秩序,因而倡导一种“自然的、简单明了的自由体系”。在其中,政府只需维持和平,建立和维持一个严密的执法体制,以及提供教育和其他最低限度的公共事业;政府无需干预一般的经济事务,可以放心地让每一个人有按他自己的方式来行动的自由,他自然地会对公共利益做出最大的贡献。也就是说,自由的社会经济体制是市场经济得以顺利运行和经济增长的基本条件。

马克思也是认真学习了亚当斯密,从而发展出自己的资本论。其中著名的剩余价值,他认为一个东西的价值取决于创造它所付出的生产力,而新经典经济学则认为其价值取决于人们愿意花多少钱来得到它。


The first volume of Karl Marx's major work, Das Kapital, was published in German in 1867. In it, Marx focused on the labour theory of value and what he considered to be the exploitation of labour by capital.The labour theory of value held that the value of a thing was determined by the labour that went into its production. This contrasts with the modern contention of neoclassical economics, that the value of a thing is determined by what one is willing to give up to obtain the thing.

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