The Moderna vaccine, along with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, utilizes mRNA (messenger RNA) technology to provide instructions to cells in the body to produce a harmless piece of the spike protein found on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

The Exposé (formerly known as The Daily Exposé) is a British conspiracist and fake news website created in 2020 by Jonathan Allen-Walker. It is known for publishing COVID-19 and anti-vaccine misinformation.