Research Scientist/Academia: Many graduates choose to pursue careers in academia or research institutions, where they can continue to explore theoretical aspects of combinatorics and optimization, as well as apply their research to solve real-world problems. They may work as professors, postdoctoral researchers, or research scientists in universities, research labs, or think tanks.

Data Scientist/Analyst: With their strong background in mathematics, algorithms, and problem-solving, graduates can excel in data science roles. They may work for tech companies, financial institutions, or consulting firms, where they analyze data, develop algorithms, and build models to extract insights and inform decision-making.

Software Engineer/Developer: Graduates with programming skills acquired during their studies can pursue careers as software engineers or developers. They may work for software companies, startups, or tech giants, developing algorithms, designing optimization tools, or building software solutions for various applications such as logistics, transportation, or network optimization.

Operations Research Analyst: Operations research analysts use mathematical modeling and optimization techniques to solve complex problems in various industries, including transportation, logistics, manufacturing, healthcare, and finance. Graduates may work for government agencies, consulting firms, or large corporations, helping them improve efficiency, reduce costs, and make better strategic decisions.

Quantitative Analyst (Quant): Quants use mathematical models and quantitative techniques to analyze financial markets, manage risk, and develop trading strategies. Graduates with a strong mathematical background and expertise in optimization may find employment in hedge funds, investment banks, or financial services firms as quantitative analysts or quantitative researchers.

Entrepreneur/Startup Founder: Some graduates may choose to start their own companies or join startups, leveraging their expertise in combinatorics and optimization to develop innovative solutions to challenging problems. They may work in areas such as algorithmic trading, supply chain optimization, scheduling software, or network analysis tools.

These are just a few examples of the diverse career paths available to graduates from the Department of Combinatorics and Optimization at the University of Waterloo. The interdisciplinary nature of the field, combined with strong analytical and problem-solving skills, opens up opportunities in various industries and sectors, allowing graduates to pursue rewarding and impactful careers.