Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2. This yellowish-green gas crystallizes as bright orange crystals at −59 °C. As one of several oxides of chlorine, it is a potent and useful oxidizing agent used in water treatment and in bleaching.[4] The compound has been fraudulently marketed as a cure for a wide range of diseases, including childhood autism.[5] Children who have been given enemas of chlorine dioxide as supposed cure for childhood autism have suffered life-threatening ailments and even died.[5] The FDA has stated that chlorine dioxide has no health benefits and should not be ingested for any reason.[6][7]

本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is warning consumers not to purchase or drink a product sold online as a medical treatment due to a recent rise in reported health issues. Since 2010, the FDA has warned consumers about the dangers of Miracle or Master Mineral Solution, Miracle Mineral Supplement, MMS, Chlorine Dioxide (CD) Protocol, Water Purification Solution (WPS) and other similar products. Miracle Mineral Solution has not been approved by the FDA for any use, but these products continue to be promoted on social media as a remedy for treating autism, cancer, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis and flu, among other conditions. However, the solution, when mixed, develops into a dangerous bleach which has caused serious and potentially life-threatening side effects.

“The FDA’s drug approval process ensures that patients receive safe and effective drug products. Miracle Mineral Solution and similar products are not FDA-approved, and ingesting these products is the same as drinking bleach. Consumers should not use these products, and parents should not give these products to their children for any reason,” said FDA Acting Commissioner Ned Sharpless, M.D. “The FDA will continue to track those selling this dangerous product and take appropriate enforcement actions against those who attempt to evade FDA regulations and market unapproved and potentially dangerous products to the American public. Our top priority is to protect the public from products that place their health at risk, and we will send a strong and clear message that these products have the potential to cause serious harm.”

Websites selling MMS describe the product as a liquid that is 28% sodium chlorite in distilled water. Product directions instruct consumers to mix the sodium chlorite solution with citric acid – such as lemon or lime juice – or another acid before drinking. In many instances, the sodium chlorite is sold with a citric acid “activator.” When the acid is added, the mixture becomes chlorine dioxide, a powerful bleaching agent.

The FDA recently received new reports of people experiencing severe vomiting, severe diarrhea, life-threatening low blood pressure caused by dehydration and acute liver failure after drinking these products. The FDA is not aware of any scientific evidence supporting the safety or effectiveness of MMS products, despite claims that the solution is an antimicrobial, antiviral and antibacterial. The FDA encourages consumers to talk to a health care professional about treating medical conditions or diseases.

Consumers who have experienced an adverse health effect after ingesting this product should seek immediate medical attention. Anyone who has experienced an adverse health effect that may be related to MMS should report it through the FDA’s MedWatch Safety Information program as soon as possible at 800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch/report.htm.

The FDA, an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public health by assuring the safety, effectiveness, and security of human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products for human use, and medical devices. The agency also is responsible for the safety and security of our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, products that give off electronic radiation, and for regulating tobacco products.更多精彩文章及讨论，请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net

本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛MMS contains a 28% solution of sodium chlorite. which, when mixed with an acid such as citrus juice, produces chlorine dioxide (ClO2), a potent bleach used for stripping textiles and industrial water treatment. High oral doses, such as those recommended in MMS labeling, can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and symptoms of severe dehydration. Sodium chlorite is not legal to sell for human consumption, and legitimate suppliers of the chemical include a warning sheet stating that it can cause potentially fatal side effects if swallowed. MMS's discovery is attributed to Jim Humble, a former "research engineer."

In 2008, Health Canada ordered Subtle Energy Therapy of Edmonton, Canada to stop selling MMS because it did not have a drug identification number. In 2009 and 2010, the FDA ordered two MMS distributors to stop making illegal health claims for MMS [1,2]. Presumably as a result, manufacturers changed the product label to specify that MMS is sold for water purification. However, it has continued to be widely claimed to be effective against HIV, hepatitis, the H1N1 flu virus, common colds, acne, cancer, and many other conditions. The fourth edition of Humble's 2006 book, Breakthrough: The Miracle Mineral Solution of the 21st Century, which is filled with grandiose claims, is downloadable free of charge.

In 2010, the FDA and Health Canada warned that MMS is ineffective and dangerous [3,4]. In 2014, Health Canada seized MMS bottles and raw materials from buymms.biz [5]. In 2011, the British Advertising Standards Authority ordered Subtle Energy Therapy UK to stop making a long list of unsubstantiated claims for MMS [6]. In 2015, Health Canada seized an MMS product being injected at Art Nails Ltd., in Vancouver, B.C., which appeared to be unauthorized because it contained no labeling. (All products administered by injection in Canada must be authorized by Health Canada and must have approved labeling.)
Washington Marketers Convicted

In May 2015, Louis Daniel Smith, 45, of Spokane, Washington was convicted following a seven-day trial of conspiracy, smuggling, selling misbranded drugs, and defrauding the United States. Evidence at trial showed that from 2007 to 2011, Smith operated a business called Project GreenLife (PGL), which sold "Miracle Mineral Supplement" (MMS) through the Internet [7].

At the trial, the government presented evidence that Smith instructed consumers to combine MMS with citric acid to create chlorine dioxide, add water, and drink the resulting mixture to cure numerous illnesses. Chlorine dioxide is a potent agent used to bleach textiles, among other industrial applications. Chlorine dioxide is a severe respiratory and eye irritant that can cause nausea, diarrhea and dehydration, but instructions that Smith provided with his product, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting were signs that the miracle cure was working. The instructions also stated that despite a risk of possible brain damage, the product might still be appropriate for pregnant women and for infants who were seriously ill.

The evidence presented at trial also showed that Smith created phony "water purification" and "wastewater treatment" businesses in order to obtain sodium chlorite and ship his MMS without being detected by the FDA or the U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The government also presented evidence that Smith hid evidence from FDA inspectors and destroyed evidence while law enforcement agents were executing search warrants on his residence and business.

Before the trial, three of Smith's alleged co-conspirators, Chris Olson, Tammy Olson and Karis DeLong, Smith's wife, pleaded guilty to introducing misbranded drugs into interstate commerce. Tammy Olson was sntenced to 3 years of probation and ordered to pay a $2,500 fine plus a $100 special assessment. Chris Olson was sentenced to 1 year of probation and ordered to pay a $25 special assessment. Delong was sentenced to 3 years of probation and ordered to pay a $5,o00 fine plus a $100 special asessment.

Chris Olson, along with alleged co-conspirators Matthew Darjanny and Joseph Lachnit, testified at trial that Smith was the leader of PGL. The jury convicted Smith of one count of conspiracy to commit multiple crimes, three counts of introducing misbranded drugs into interstate commerce with intent to defraud or mislead, and one count of fraudulently smuggling merchandise into the United States. In October 2015, he was sentenced to 51 months in prison to be followed by three years of supervised release [8].更多精彩文章及讨论，请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net